于“颓废”中寻觅另一个“自我”--从诺瓦利斯与霍夫曼看德国浪漫主义的人文取向

Seeking Another Self from Decadence:On the Humanistic Orientation of German Romanticism in Novalis and Hoffmann

德国浪漫主义文学有"病态"与"颓废"的特征,但其中曲折地表达了一种自我扩张与个性自由的理想,这集中地表现在代表作家诺瓦利斯与霍夫曼的创作中。"死亡诗人"诺瓦利斯的创作通过歌颂"黑夜"与"死亡"去感悟生命,表达对生命的执着,其间隐藏着一个力图扩张的自我。霍夫曼的创作借离奇怪诞的情节与人物展示了人的双重自我与心理张力。诺瓦利斯、霍夫曼等德国浪漫派作家关注人的自我,说明了他们对人自身的关注,对人的感性世界、深层心理的关注,表现出了在人文取向上与启蒙文学的明显分野。

German romantic literature is characterized by mobidity and decadence, which covertly express the ideal of self extension and individual freedom particularly embodied in Novalis and Hoffmann. Novalis, known as ＂Macabre Poet＂, attempts to comprehend the meaning life by eulogizing night and death, hence showing his persistent belief in life with a hidden extending self. Hoffmann reveals human＇s dual self and mental tension through fantastic plots and characters. The concern about human＇s self of some German romantic writers with Novalis and Hoffmann as their representatives shows their concern about human itself and human＇s perceptual world and deep mentality, as a result, distinguishing German romanticism from the Enlightenment literature in terms of humanistic orientation.