青蛤家系的建立及早期生长发育比较

The Establishment of Families of Gmelin Cyclina sinensis and Its Early Development

选取5个同一批苗种培育的亲贝(3个母本记为A、B、C,2个父本记为1、2)建立6个家系,并对各家系早期生长发育进行了比较。结果表明,2个父本的壳长差异显著(P<0.05),3个母本差异不显著(P>0.05);不同母本产卵量不同,差异显著(P<0.05);3个母本的卵径不同,但差异不显著(P>0.05),各家系的受精率、孵化率与母本密切相关,以母本建立的家系之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。幼虫期(0-8日龄),D形幼虫的大小不同,家系A1(G♀1×G♂1)、A2(G♀1×G♂2)、B1(G♀2×G♂1)与B2(G♀2×G♂2)、C1(G♀3×G♂1)、C2(G♀3×G♂2)差异显著(P<0.05),8日龄时,以A1家系幼虫壳长最小,与其他家系无显著差异(P>0.05),不同母本建立的家系的存活率差异极显著(P<0.01)。变态期(8-12日龄),幼虫生长缓慢,变态率不同,除C1、C2无显著差异外,其他家系差异极显著(P<0.01),变态持续2.67 d。稚贝期(12-30日龄),12-15日龄,A2、B1、B2家系稚贝略大于A1、C1、C2,差异不显著(P>0.05);20日龄时,A2、C1家系稚贝大于其他家系,差异显著(P<0.05);25日龄时,B1家系稚贝最小,与其他家系差异显著(P<0.05);30日龄时,各家系稚贝生长速度、存活率依次为:C2>C1>A2>A1>B2>B1,其中,B1家系稚贝生长慢、存活率低,与A2、B2家系差异显著(P<0.05),与其他家系差异极显著(P<0.01)。各家系的面盘幼虫、变态规格、单水管稚贝规格几乎相同,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各家系子代的早期生长发育,受亲本及相互作用的共同影响,以母本影响为主。

Six families of Gemelin Cyclina sinensis were established from the five broodstoek clams derived from the same patch, and early development of each family was compared with 2006. The results showed that there was significant difference in shell length between two males（ P 〈0.05 ）, while there was no significant difference in shell length among the three females（ P 〉0.05 ）. Significant different fecundity was observed （P 〈0.05 ） ,but no significant different egg-diameter was occurred （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. There were significant differences between fertilizing rate and hatching rate in families （ P 〈0. 01 ）. In the larval stage （0 - 8 post-days ） ,D larvae were significantly different in size between families of A1 ,A2 ,B1 and BE ,C1 ,C2 （P 〈0.05 ） ,the minimal shell length in 8 day old larvae in family A1. In metamorphosis stage （8 - 12 post-days ）, the larvae had poor growth and different metamorphosis rate in the families （P 〈0. 01 ）except families C1 and C2 ,the metamorphosis period lasteford 2.67 days. In the juvenile stage （12 -30 post-days ）, there were larger shell length in families A2, B1 , and B2 than in the others, but no significant differece from 12 to 15 post-days （P 〉0.05）. In 20 post-day stage,the juveniles in family A2 ,and C1 had significantly larger shell length than others（ P 〈0.05） ; In 25 post-day stage,the family B1 had the least shell length（ P 〈0.05 ） ; In 30 post-day stage ,the growth and survival rate of the juveniles had a descendant order of C2 〉 C1 〉 A2 〉 A1 〉 BE 〉 B1. The development of the larvae in the different families was impacted by their brood-stocks, especially the maternal effect.