固定化脂肪酶催化废餐饮油合成生物柴油

Preparation of Biodiesel from Waste Food Oil Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase

废餐饮油预处理后,在固定化脂肪酶Novozym435的催化下以其为原料和乙酸甲酯通过转酯反应制备生物柴油.研究了产物的主要组成,结果表明主要是由棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯和亚麻酸甲酯构成;实验还对影响反应速率的因素进行了探讨,采用六因素五水平L25(56)设计正交实验,由实验结果得知:废餐饮油2.0g、固定化脂肪酶Novozym435的用量为油重的8.0%、乙酸甲酯与废餐饮油摩尔比为10∶1、反应温度60℃、反应时间18h、有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷的用量为油重的40.0%、叔丁醇用量为0.5mL为最佳的工艺条件,在此条件下生物柴油得率为86.43%.对酯化所得生物柴油的部分理化性能进行测试,结果表明基本符合美国生物柴油质量标准和我国-50#轻柴油标准,具有较好的柴油机燃烧特性.

Preparation ofbiodiesel through transesterification reaction between waste food oil which had been pretreated and methyl acetate catalyzed by immobilized lipase Novozym435 is studied. The main components of the biodiesel are methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. Factors affecting the reaction rate are also investigated. An orthogonal experiment is designed using six factors and five levels L25（56） and results show the best reaction conditions are： waste food oil is 2.0 g, the usage amount of immobilized lipase Novozym435 is 8.0 % ofoil weight, mole ratio of methyl acetate to waste food oil is 10 ： 1, reaction temperature is 60℃, reaction time is 18 h, the usage amount of 3-hydroxymethyl-methane is 40.0 % of oil weight, the usage amount of t-butyl alcohol is 0.5 mL. Yield ofbiodiesel can reach about 86.43 % under the optimal conditions. Some properties ofbiodiesel produced by transesterification are tested and the results show the product with better burning characteristics accords with the quality standard of America and -50# light diesel oil standard of our country.