水体铜对黄河鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响

The effect of copper on non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio

研究不同质量浓度的水体铜对黄河鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响,探讨水体铜对黄河鲤的免疫毒性效应。分别用0、0.01 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.10 mg/L、0.30 mg/L、0.50 mg/L、0.70 mg/L和1.00 mg/L的Cu2+刺激黄河鲤7 d,测定黄河鲤白细胞数量、NBT阳性细胞数量和血清中溶菌酶活力3个非特异性免疫指标。结果表明,随着Cu2+质量浓度的增加,白细胞数量和溶菌酶活力先增大后减小,而NBT阳性细胞数量减少。0.01 mg/L和0.05 mg/L的Cu2+对黄河鲤白细胞数和NBT阳性细胞数无显著影响,但能显著提高溶菌酶活力(p<0.05);0.10 mg/L、0.30 mg/L、0.50 mg/L、0.70 mg/L和1.00 mg/L的Cu2+可显著提高白细胞数量(p<0.05),但会显著降低NBT阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活力(p<0.05)。研究表明,水体中0.01 mg/L和0.05mg/L的Cu2+对黄河鲤的非特异性免疫功能无显著影响,但0.10mg/L、0.30 mg/L、0.50 mg/L、0.70 mg/L和1.00 mg/L的Cu2+对黄河鲤有免疫毒性,会使黄河鲤非特异性免疫功能明显下降。本研究可为黄河鲤的集约化养殖生产及养殖水体的评价和检测提供科学依据。

The present article takes the effects of tiny amounts of copper on the non-specific immunity function of Cyprinus carpio as its research goal and has given a detailed discussion on its immunotoxicity effects on the growth and life of the fish. In our experiments and observations, we were trying to make the fish exposed repeatedly to various mass concentrations of copper such as 0, 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.10 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 0.70 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L. After 7 days＇ observation, testing and measurements were done to the fish to find the main indices of non-specific immunity to the fish, such as the number of leucocyte, that of NBT-positive cells as well as the activities of lysozyme in their serum. What we have detected is that the number of leucocyte and the activities of lysozyme tend to rise at first, then, to decline with the increment of copper mass concentration. The number of NBT-pesitive cells tends to decrease with the increment of copper mass concentration. Later, when the mass concentrations of copper were 0.01 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, it was found that copper would not have significant effect on the num- ber of leucocyte and that of NBT-positive cells （ p 〉 0.05）, but tended to significantly improve the activities of lysozyme of the fish （p 〈 0.05）. But, when the mass concentrations of copper were 0.10 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L,0.50 mg/L, 0.70 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L, copper was found to increase the number of leucocyte significantly （p 〈 0.05） but decrease the number of NBT-positive ceils and the activities of lysozyme in the fish （p 〈 0.05）. Nevertheless, low mass concentrations of copper （0.01mg/L and 0.05 mg/L） were found to significantly affect the non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio, but high concentrations of copper （0.10 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 0.70 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L） significantly restrain the function of non-specific immunity but prove to have immunotoxicity to the fish.