现代语境下白语词汇的嬗变

Vocabulary Variation in Bai-Ethnic Speech in Contemporary Speech Context

剑川县是大理州白语使用环境较好的一个县,但随着现代社会的发展,传播媒介、教学媒介中汉语的广泛使用,对白语产生了较大的影响。通过对白语剑川方言的词汇进行调查,在最近10年间,2 000个白语基本词中,有107个词语借用了汉语词汇,借用体现在:①原有白语词汇不用而转用汉语借词;②白语中原有汉语借词不用而转用新的汉语借词;③在白语的汉语借词中出现鼻韵尾〔n〕的词。

Jianchuan is a county in Dali that stays in good context of Bai speech. Bai speech, however, has been largely influenced due to social progress and wide use of Chinese in press media and teaching at school. Based on a survey of the vocabulary in Jianchuan dialect of Bai speech, the author finds that in recent ten years, 107 words out of a basic vocabulary of 2 000 have borrowed from Chinese. The loans occurred in three ways： （1）disuse previous Bai words and turn to equivalents in Chinese; （2）disuse previous Chinese loans in Bai speech and turn to fresh Chinese loans; （3）there appear words with final nasal vowel [n] in Chinese loans in Bai speech.