曹尔堪艳词略论

On Cao Erkan's Gorgeous Poems

曹尔堪是明清之际柳洲词派盟主,其词风一向以"清"闻名,而其艳词却历来为学者所忽视。其艳词根据内容,可分为宴饮狎伎和闺情伤怨两类。宴饮狎妓之作不仅显现出词人受晚明俗艳词风影响的明显痕迹,而且体现了词人词风转型期词作交杂多种风格的复杂性。而从其闺情词中,则可强烈感受到在云间派影响下的雅化倾向。正是这种雅化,使其后期的清雄之风有效避免了流于叫嚣的弊病,预示着清代艳词对温柔敦厚之诗教精神的回归。

Cao Er - kan is a celebrated Ci poet of ＂Liuzhou＂ school at the time between the Ming and the Qing Dynasties. The famous feature of his poems is ＂clearness＂. But his gorgeous poems are often neglected by scholars. They can be divided into two parts according to their content. One is about banquets and enjoying prostitutes; the other is about young lady＇s emotions. The former is not only affected by the flirtatious style of the poet＇s circle strongly at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but also embodies the complicatedness of different styles in the changing period. From the later part, we can feel the elegant tendentiousness which is affected by ＂Yunjian＂ school. The elegant tendentiousness makes the powerful style of his later poems avoid the malady of clamouring, while at the same time, it indicates that poems have gone back to the traditional spirits in the Qing Dynasty.