论城乡二元教育与劳动力异质性

Discussion on the Dual Education and the Labour Heterogeneity Between Rural and Urban

从教育经济学角度研究我国二元经济下城乡教育差异对劳动力的影响。我国的教育投资体系使城乡二元经济放大地投射到教育领域,引起城乡教育一系列不对称,形成二元教育。在二元教育下,农村学生接受较低质基础教育,基础知识薄弱,学习能力差,进入劳动力市场后对生产技能掌握不足;同时在进入更高层次教育的选拔考试中处于劣势,在受教育的质量和数量两方面都低于城市学生,最终导致低生产率,形成城乡劳动力异质性。在二元经济下,应对农村教育实行倾斜性政策,加大农村基础教育投入,弱化城乡教育二元化,逐渐消除城乡劳动力整体性差异。

In the paper, the influence of the educational difference between urban and rural areas in ehina＇s dual economy is studied in the perspective of education economics. The dual economy has been projected the education field enlarge by China＇s investment in education system, leading to a series of asymmetry and dual education. With dual education, the basic knowledge and learning ability of rural students are poor due to low quality fundamental education. There-fore, the production skill they master are low when access to labor market. Meanwhile, rural students are in disadvantage in higher level education entrance examination. In short, the quality and quantity of education in rural region are all lower than urban region, resulting in low productivity and labor heterogeneity. In the dual economy, a preferencial policy for rural education should be adopted. The input for rural foundational education should be increased, and the educational duality be weakened to make the general labor difference between urban and rural areas disappeared gradually.