肝吸虫病流行地区人群相关生活习惯及健康知识调查

Survey of Life Habits and Health Knowledge of the People in Epidemic Region of Clonorchiasis

目的了解顺德地区人群日常生活中与肝吸虫感染相关生活饮食习惯和健康知识的认知。方法采用回顾性调查方法对在杏坛海凌村和勒流龙眼村生活>5年,年龄>6岁的人群进行问卷调查,采用改良加藤氏法进行虫卵检测。结果本次调查合计粪检2440人,肝吸虫虫卵阳性率为60.7%。对部分中重度患者进行B超及肝功能检查,结果B超异常占83.3%,肝功能检查异常占15.9%。检验当地淡水鱼2种,草鱼平均每克鱼肉含囊蚴0.42个;鳙鱼平均每克鱼肉含囊蚴1.2个。本次调查回收有效问卷608份,其中有84.3%调查者表示生熟食物共用同一块砧板;有49.8%调查者曾经进食鱼生;有71.8%的调查者吃火锅时进食未熟姜葱。调查中表示既往有肝胆道疾病的有39例,其中31例检出有感染肝吸虫。本次调查中有8.2%调查者曾接受肝吸虫病检查,有14.0%调查者曾接受驱虫治疗。肝吸虫病相关知识方面:传播肝吸虫病危险食物的知晓率为23.2%;肝吸虫在人体寄生部位知晓率为8.2%;肝吸虫保虫宿主知晓率为25.5%;肝吸虫病临床症状知晓率为39.1%。结论顺德区人群肝吸虫感染仍属高度流行区,当地群众的不良生活及饮食习惯仍是肝吸虫病传播的最主要途径,人群对肝吸虫病相关知识知晓率偏低,对肝吸虫病危害重视不足。今后应该加大防制肝吸虫病的宣传力度,提高人群对肝吸虫病危害的认识。建议政府为群众提供免费药物治疗,通过普及治疗有效降低人群感染率。

Objective To understand the life habits and health knowledge of the people in Shunde District. Method Questionnaire survey was performed among the people who have lived in Hailing for more than 5 years and over 6 years old. Kato-Katz method was used for detection of helminthes eggs. Result There were 2440 individuals participated in fecal examination. The positive rate of liver fluke is 60.7%. B ultrasonic examination and liver function test were performed on some individuals. The rate of abnormal results of B ultrasonic examination and liver function test were 83.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Two kind of local fishes were examined, in each gram of meats of the grass carp and Aristlchthys nobilis contains 0.42 and 1.2 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, respectively. There were 608 people participated in the survey, 84.3% of them did not separate cutting boards used for raw and cooked food; 49.8% ate raw fish; 71.8% ate raw ginger and onion. In the investigation, 8.3% agreed to have clonorchiasis diagnosis; 14.0% accepted medical treatment for clonorchiasis. For the knowledge on clonorchiasis, the awareness rates of clonorchiasis is transmitted by food contamination and caused by liver fluke were 23.2% and 8.2%, respectively; the awareness rates for the hosts of liver fluke and the clinical symptoms of clonorchiasis were25.5% and 39.1%, respectively. Conclusion Shunde District is the epidemic region of clonorchiasis. The main route of transmission is the bad life and diets habits. People do not have good knowledge of clonorchiasis and pay no attention to clonorchiasis. So we must promote the health education on clonorchiasis and improve the prevention measures. Free medical treatment for the people should be provided by the government to reduce the infection rate of the population.