金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状

A Review on Phytoremediation of Heavy-metal Polluted Soils in Mining Areas

受矿业活动影响,金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的清除土壤中重金属的一种有效、经济的生态技术。重金属污染土壤植物修复技术主要有植物固定、植物挥发和植物吸收等方式,植物固定技术是利用植物阻隔土壤中重金属的迁移,而植物挥发和植物吸收则是将土壤中的重金属移除。本文系统总结了迄今在金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物固定和植物吸收修复技术研究方面的现状与进展,包括矿区超富集植物筛选、超耐受性植物筛选、提高重金属生物有效性的高效活化剂以及降低重金属迁移能力的化学钝化剂研究等。提出了当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了进一步研究的主要方向。

Heavy-metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today in soils in mining and the surrounding areas caused by long terms of mining and smeltingof metalliferous ores. The newly developed phytoremediation methods have becomeeffective, inexpensive and ecology friendly technology, very promising for the removal of metal pollutants from the heavy-metal-polluted soil. Phytostabilization, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization are the three main plant-based technologyto remove the heavy metalsout of the polluted soils. Phytostabilization is used to block the migration of heavy metalsin the soils,while phytoextraction and phytovolatilizationfor removal of heavy metals from the soils. This paper reviews the progresses on phytoimmobilization and phytoextraction technology, which include research areas in sorting of heavy metal hyperaccumulator and hyper-heavy metal tolerant plants in mining districts, the activation chemicalamendments toimprove the biological availability and the inhabitation amendments to hinder the migration of heavy metalsin soils. Key issues on current research as well as the future study on plant phytoremediation of heavy metalsin soils in mining districts are also discussed.