生态系统功能价值综合评估方法与应用--以河北省康保县为例

Evaluation method of integrated valuation of ecosystem functions and its application:a case study of Kangbao County,Hebei Province

生态系统功能在某种程度上可以衡量区域的生态环境质量,为环境保护与生态建设提供科学依据。近几十年来,许多学者对生态系统功能的价值进行了评估,但在评估过程中考虑空间、质量和时间因素对生态系统功能的影响的研究较少。针对这些问题,选择北方农牧交错带的河北省康保县为研究区,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,结合生态价值理论,分别构建区域差异性系数、空间异质性系数和服务支付系数对Costanza等的计算模式进行空间、质量和时间因素的修正,提出了生态系统功能价值综合评估模型;同时,对康保县生态系统功能价值的动态变化进行了探讨。该模型通过考虑社会、自然和经济对价值的综合作用,使得生态系统功能价值的评估方法进一步完善。基于以上模型对康保县生态系统功能价值进行计算,结果表明,人类对土地的不合理利用会限制生态系统提供功能的能力;而有意识的生态建设可以促进生态系统功能的恢复与发挥。实施以退耕还林、还草为主要内容的生态建设是恢复本区生态系统功能的有效途径。综合考虑空间、质量和时间因素的生态系统功能价值综合评估模型可为区域生态系统保护和经济发展综合决策提供及时、准确的有益信息,对区域的生态建设和环境保护具有重要的现实意义。

Ecosystem functions could be used to evaluate the environmental quality and provide scientific evidence in decision-making of environment protection and ecosystem construction. Many evaluations on the values of ecosystem functions had been done during the last decades, whereas the researches considering the integrated impacts of spatial, quality and temporal factors on the values of ecosystem functions were rare. Focusing on these issues, Kangbao County in Hebei Province, which located in the north ago-pastoral ecotone, was selected as the study area, technology of RS and GIS were applied in the study, combined with the theory of ecological value, coefficient of regional difference, coefficient of spatial heterogeneity and coefficient of service-payment were calculated to modify the spatial, quality and temporal factors of the Costanzas method and model of integrated evaluation of ecosystem functions was put forward in the paper. Meantime, the dynamics values of ecosystem functions of Kangbao County were discussed. The model improved the evaluation methods of ecosystem functions by comprehensive consideration of social, natural and economy influence on the value. Based on the model, the values of ecosystem functions of Kangbao County was evaluated and the results implied that ： the unreasonable land use could limit the supplying capacity of ecosystem functions, while the planned ecosystem construction could promote and resume the ecosystem functions. Ecosystem construction mainly including the returning land for farming to forestry （grass） was effective measure to resume ecosystem functions. Model of integrated evaluation of ecosystem functions with comprehensive consideration of spatial, quality and temporal factors could provide timely, exact and helpful information in decision-making of ecosystem conservation and social development, and had practical significance for ecosystem construction and environment protection.