上海市某社区居民骨质疏松健康教育效果评价

Osteoporosis-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of residents from a community in Shanghai

目的了解通过健康教育提高社区居民关于骨质疏松（OP）的知识、态度和行为（KAP）水平。方法采用问卷调查方法，整群抽样，分次进行，以长风社区的中老年居民为对象，医务人员使用统一问卷进行调查，健康教育贯穿始终，随后择时进行意见征询和二次调查。数据统计分析采用SPSS11．0软件。结果基线调查3524人，有效问卷3367份。男女比例为1：2．10，平均年龄（61．3±10．2）岁。居民的OPKAP水平总体不高：听说过OP名词的76．72％，对自身骨健康判断基本正确的占60．11％，知道OP发病因素的占42．26％，了解OP诊断方法的占37．75％；不同群体居民OPKAP水平存在差异；相关知识问题中，诊断方法知晓率最低；2281人参加了二次调查，OPKAP水平提高，差异具有统计学意义；1439人参加了OP防治活动意见征询，99．86％认为必要，96．92％表示满意，98．54％准备采取措施改善自己的骨健康状态。结论人们对自身骨健康状况和OP防治知识的认识不足是OP在现代社会流行的两个重要因素，但此因素可为针对性健康教育所改变。

Objective To understand and raise the level of osteoporosis-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis （ OP ） in residents of a community. Methods A survey was performed with a questionnaires method targeting at the elderly residents in Changfeng community. The survey was conducted with a specifically designed questionnaire, followed by a second survey, during which health education was stressed. Data were analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software. Results In 3524 residents, 3367 responded positively. The ratio of male to female was 1 ： 2. 10. The average age of the respondents was 61.34 years. They demonstrated a low level of OP KAP. 76.72% of them heard the term of OP, 60.11% had a correct judgment of their own bone health, 42.26% knew the cause of OP, and 37.75% understood the diagnostic method of OP. The level of OP KAP varied in different groups of targeted residents. Of all the questions, the understanding of the diagnosis ranked the lowest. 2281 people participated in the second survey, which showed improvement in their OP KAP. The difference was statistically significant. 1439 people attended the consultation. 99.86% of them considered the activities necessary, 96.92% expressed their satisfaction , and 98.54% planed to take measures to improve their bone health. Conclusion The poor understanding of bone health status and the knowledge about prevention and treatment of OP is why it is widely spread in the modern society, which however can be improved by education.