论化学学习中的能量观建构

Discussion on Construction of Views of Energy in Chemistry Study

能量观是中学化学学习中的核心观念。能量观的建构有利于学生形成核外电子运动的能量思维方式，了解从能量的角度研究物质及其转化的思维方法等。能量观建构的基本策略是：（1）在物质的微粒性认识学习中形成物质的微粒具有热能的观念；（2）在原子结构学习中形成核外电子运动的能量思维方式；（3）在元素及其化合物学习中发展高能量的最外层电子不稳定的认识；（4）在化学变化现象的积累学习中强化物质转化伴随有能量变化的认识；（5）通过化学键概念及其理论学习理解物质转化过程中伴随有能量变化；（6）在影响化学反应速率的条件讨论中深化理解有效碰撞理论；（7）在化学热力学问题研究中进一步理解能量守恒；（8）利用概念图技术帮助化学能量观的建构。

Views of energy is a core concept in middle school chemistry Study. Construction of students＇ views of energy may help them to form the mode of thinking about the motion of electrons, and to understand the methods of thinking about matter and its changes in view of energy. The strategies for teacher to construct students＇ views of energy are proposed. （1） understand particles have heat energy through learning matter is composed of tiny particles, （2）form the mode of thinking about the motion of electrons in view of energy through learning atomic structure, （3）develop understanding of electrons with high energy be not stable through learning elements and compounds, （4）strengthen understanding of matter changes accompanied by energy changes through accumulating the phenomena of chemical reactions, （5） understand matter changes are accompanied by energy changes through learning conception and theory of chemical bond, （6） understand the theory of effective collision through discussion about the conditions affecting reaction rate , （7）further understand conservation of energy through thermochemistry learning, （8） use concept map to help construct views of energy.