淮南矿区煤矸石中微量元素的研究

Study on trace elements in gangue in Huainan mining area

通过对淮南矿区按煤层和岩性特征系统采样,运用INNA,ICP-MS分析煤矸石中微量元素、冷原子吸收法分析Hg、选择性电极法分析F、化学法分析常量元素,并研究经过科学筛选出的11种重金属元素:Cd,Cu,Ni,Sn,Hg,Mn,As,Cr,Pb,Zn和非金属元素F,初步探讨了这些元素对矿区环境的危害,其中Cd,Cu,Ni,Sn,Hg超过淮南土壤背景值、中国土壤背景值、世界土壤背景值等.Cd含量是淮南土壤的40倍、世界土壤的7倍;Cu含量是淮南土壤的约2倍、世界土壤约1.5倍;Ni含量是淮南土壤的8倍、世界土壤的4倍;Sn含量是淮南土壤的3倍、世界土壤约2倍;样品中Hg含量是淮南土壤的3 602倍、世界土壤的1 381倍,并指出这种危害是具累积性的.

According to coal seam and rocks of lithological types, 46 samples were gathered systematically. In these samples, trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ ICP - MS） , instru- mental neutron activation analysis （ INAA）, Hg by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry （ CVAAS）, F by ionselective electrode （ISE）, major elements by chemical methods. Eleven trace elements （Cd, Cu, Ni, Sn, Hg, Mn, As, Cr, Pb, Zn, F） were selected as focal point of study, and five of them, such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Sn, Hg, are more than background soil level （BSL） of Huainan City, China and World. Respectively： Cd is 40 and 7 times of BSL of Huainan City, world separately; Cu is about 2 and 1.5 times of BSL of Huainan City, world separately ; Ni is 8 and 7 times of BSL of Huainan City, world separately ; Sn is 3 and 2 times of BSL of Huainan City, world separately ; Hg is 3 602 and 1 381 times of BSL of Huainan City, world separately. Their hazards for environment of mining area are explored primarily and thought that their hazards may be accumulative.