地铁车站内乘客疏散时间计算方法研究

Modeling Evacuation Time for Passengers from Metro Platforms

在分析实测数据的基础上,针对地铁车站内乘客疏散时间计算问题建立了考虑人群密度、空间环境变化的数学模型.文中分别对乘客下车过程、站台、通道和楼梯的行走过程、使用自动扶梯过程以及通过出口过程进行分析研究,以乘客疏散过程为依据建立基于统计学与排队理论的综合计算模型,给出了适合计算地铁车站内乘客出站所需疏散时间的方法.本文以西直门地铁站乘客疏散为案例验证了所建立计算模型的有效性及实用性,模型计算结果与观测数据的总体误差约为2.25%,其中仅楼梯阶段与出口的通行时间计算误差超过10%.案例研究结果还表明地铁车站疏散能力存在上限,在进行地铁车站设计与列车运行计划制定的过程中应充分考虑这一限制因素.

An evacuation time model for passengers from metro platforms is proposed from field data by considering crowd density and physical characteristics of stations. An integrated statistical method based on queue theory is provided to characterize the duration of passenger alighting from trains, walking from platforms and through exits, rising on escalators in this study. The proposed model is put into practice in Xishimen metro station for case studies and also provides an effective method to calculate the evacuation time of passengers from platforms in metro planning and operations. The results in the case study show that the total error is about 2.25 % except for stairs and exits. Moreover, the upper limit of evacuation capability from metro stations should be seriously considered by operators and engineers for the securities and operations of transportation.