区域贸易协定审查标准的法律分析

Legal Analysis of Review Criteria of Regional Trade Agreements

在GATT/WTO体制下,区域贸易协定的审查至今备受批评,导致这一结果的诸多因素中,重要的一个是审查的标准。标准对审查的过程发挥着指导作用,同时又直接关系到审查的结果。目前区域贸易协定的审查标准尚有若干不确定因素。论题结合GATT/WTO的法律规定、区域贸易协定的制度审查和司法审查,提出了涉及区域贸易协定审查的4项标准:"目的性"、"实质上所有"、"总体上不得高于或严于"和"透明度"。

The review of regional trade agreements （RTA） under GATT/WTO has, so far, been the target of criticism. Among the factors causing this consequence, the important one is review criteria, which exert directive function in the process of the examination of regional trade agreements, and are closely related to the result of the review. However, till now the review standards of the regional trade agreements have much ambiguity and uncer- tainty. Referring to GATT/WTO provisions, and the institutional and judicial review of the RTA, this article provides four criteria concerning the RTA review, i.e. ＂purposive＂ standard, ＂substantially all＂ standard, ＂not on the whole higher or more restrictive＂ standard, and ＂transparency＂ standard.