论出口卡特尔的反垄断豁免

On Export Cartel Exemptions from Anti-monopoly Laws

出口卡特尔是与出口有关的限制竞争协议,其针对的目标市场为外国市场。各国关于出口卡特尔反垄断豁免的立法模式包括明示豁免和默示豁免,这反映了各国对垄断的实体性标准认识的不同。出口卡特尔豁免的限制性条件主要为不影响本国市场和不限制国际贸易,具有一定程度的不确定性。出口卡特尔豁免需要各国在竞争政策方面进行国际合作,在WTO体制内,各国对出口卡特尔的合法性问题存在着重大分歧。

Export cartel is a competition restriction agreement pertaining to exportation, which takes foreign market as its target. Legislative types around the world are classified into explicit exemptions and implicit exemp tions, which embodies notional differences on substantive criteria of monopolies. Restrictive conditions for export cartel exemptions are set not to affect domestic market, nor to restrict international trade, and are of uncertainties to some extent. Practice of export cartel exemptions needs international cooperation in competing policy. In WTO system, legitimacy of export cartel differs from country to country significantly.