基于遥感的土地利用空间格局分布与地表温度的关系

Relationships between Landscapes Spatial Pattern and Land Surface Temperature

近年由于经济的高速发展,土地利用与覆盖变化很大,促使城市的地表温度值正在逐步升高,城市热岛现象也更加突出。先利用监督分类的最大似然算法对武汉市的ETM影像进行分类,并计算各土地利用类型空间格局分布指数。然后用ETM热红外波段根据单窗算法反演武汉市的地表温度分布,并分别计算各土地利用类型的平均地表温度。最后利用灰色相关分析方法定量分析土地利用空间格局分布指数对地表温度的影响。结果表明武汉市土地利用类型的空间格局分布指数与地表温度有较好的相关性,其中地表温度与散布与并列指数(IJI)、同类斑块相邻百分数指数(PLADJ)和最大斑块所占景观面积比例指数(LPI)的灰色关联度较高,说明地表温度的分布不仅受到各类型斑块与其它斑块相邻情况的影响较大,还受到最大斑块所占的总土地面积比例的影响。

Recently with the rapid development of economy, the great change of land use/cover would make land surface temperature increased. Urban heat island effect has become more prominent. In this study,we choose Wuhan city as an experimental area. Landsat 7 ETM＋images （July 9,2002. ） was selected to retrieve land use/cover types by maximum likelihood method and land surface temperature using mono-window algorithm,and then computed landscape metrics and mean land surface temperature of all kinds of land use. Finally grey relational analysis was used quantitatively to analyze impacts of landscapes pattern on land surface temperature. The results show that：① In the landscape pattern, water and build-up consisted of large patches and paddy and glebe consisted of small patches. ② It was obvious that there is a thermal gradient between Central Business District （CBD） and the countryside. In terms of the spatial pattern of the land brightness temperature,the most extensive UHI was distributed in Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang. Urban heat islands distribution in Dongxi Lake,Caidian,Hannan and Jiangxia was scattered with some little heat islands. ③ Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index （IJI） and Percentage of like Adjacencies （PL- ADJ） and Largest Patch Index （LPI） were the most important factors that influence the land surface temperature.