轮作和休茬对日光温室黄瓜连作土壤的改良效果

Improving Effects of Crop Rotation and Fallowing on Continuous Cucumber Cropping Soil in Solar Greenhouse

通过盆栽试验,研究了大葱、豇豆、番茄、糯玉米4种作物与黄瓜轮作及常规休茬处理对日光温室黄瓜连作土壤的改良效果。结果表明:与连作相比,轮作可以不同程度地降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度,而休茬土壤的容重增大,孔隙度降低;轮作和休茬可提高土壤pH,降低EC,平衡土壤养分,改善土壤理化性状,减轻次生盐渍化。轮作和休茬有利于改善土壤的微生物区系,增强土壤酶活性,细菌和放线菌数量增加,真菌数量减少,氨化细菌和硝化细菌的数量显著增加。大葱、糯玉米与黄瓜轮作对土壤的改良效果较理想。

The pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of crop rotation of several vegetable crops with cucumber and fallowing on continuous cucumber cropping soil in solar greenhouse. The results indicated that compared with continuous cropping, crop rotation could reduce the bulk density and increase the porosity of soil, while fallowing could increase the bulk density and reduce the porosity of soil; crop rotation and fallowing could increase soil pH, decrease EC and balance soil nutrients, therefore they improved soil physical and chemical properties and reduced soil secondary salinization and acidifying; crop rotation and fallowing were beneficial to improving soil microbial flora and enhancing the soil enzyme activity, so the amounts of bacteria and actinomyces increased, the amount of fungi decreased, meanwhile the amounts of ammonifier and nitrifler significantly increased. Among the different systems, crop rotations of scallion - cucumber and maize - cucumber were the optimum patterns for soil improving.