1998-2007年绵阳市霍乱流行特征及高危因素分析

Epidemic Characteristics and High Risk Factors of Cholera During Past 10 Years in Mianyang City

目的分析绵阳市霍乱流行特征,探讨霍乱疫情发生的高危因素,为霍乱防控工作提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对霍乱疫情流行特征进行分析,对霍乱流行因素进行问卷调查。结果1998-2007年共发生霍乱暴发疫情40次,发病人数255人,农民占霍乱发病人数的54.09%;近4年,80%的霍乱疫情和92.86%(26/27)的患者是由农村群体聚餐引起;乡村医生霍乱流行病学知识知晓率为68.79%;84.62%的农村居民选择在自家举办宴席,78.85%会使用甲鱼;农村村厨卫生安全意识不高;2006-2007年3次在8份市售海水产品中检出O139群霍乱弧菌。结论近年来绵阳发生的霍乱疫情主要由外来污染海水产品引起,农村群体聚餐、村厨、农村居民和村医卫生防病知识缺乏和卫生安全意识淡薄是造成霍乱疫情发生和疫情难以早期发现的主要原因。

Objective To find out the epidemic characteristics and high risk factors of cholera so as to prevention and control cholera epidemic in Mianyang. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used and questionnaire survey was adopted in cholera epidemic factors. Results There were 40 epidemic of cholera and 255 cases from 1988 to 2007.54.09% cases were rural population during past 10 years. 80% cholera events and 92.86% （26/27）cases were due to dining-together in rural areas in last 4 years. Only 68.79% （108/157） rural doctors knew about epidemiology of cholera. There were 84.62% （88/104） rural residents preferring family dining-together and 78.85% （82/104）selecting to offer sea foods especially soft-shelled turtle. The safety consciousness of vagrant cook was absence. Between 2006 and 2007, Mianyang CDC detected cholera O139 in 8 samples of sea foods and utensil. Conclusion The result revealed eruption of cholera was caused by sea foods which had been stained Vibrio cholerae in other place before it was brought to Mianyang. Dining-together in rural areas was high risk factor of cholera. It was because of few knowledge of prevention disease and lacking consciousness of safety that cholera could not be identified earlier and happened.