保定市酒精滥用和酒精依赖的流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of alcohol abuse and dependence in Baoding

目的了解保定市酒精滥用和酒精依赖的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月至2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群,共10073名,用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组,采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ）,以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查病人版对调查对象进行酒精滥用及酒精依赖的诊断。心理、社会及职业功能采用大体功能量表（GAF）评定。结果9021人完成调查。酒精滥用：终生患病率为27.49‰,时点患病率为10.37‰;时点患病率：男性（20.01‰）明显高于女性（0.69‰）（P〈0.01）,农村（11.44‰）明显高于城市（2.76‰）（P〈0.01）,18-59岁患病率较高;心理、社会及职业功能无或轻度91.67%、中度2.38%、重度5.95%。酒精依赖：终生患病率为14.25‰、时点患病率为10.47‰;时点患病率：男性（20.69‰）明显高于女性（0.22‰）（P〈0.01）;20-69岁患病率较高;心理、社会及职业功能无或轻度68.68%、中度27.71%、重度3.61%。酒精滥用和酒精依赖均与心境障碍和焦虑障碍共病常见。结论酒精滥用和酒精依赖是常见的精神障碍,在男性及中青年人群中患病率高,已成为严重的社会公共卫生问题。

Objective： To present the current prevalence and distribution features of alcohol abuse and dependence in Baoding. Methods： Stratified multi - stage cluster randomization was used to recruit 10073 subjects aged 18 years or over in Baoding from Oct. 2004 to Mar. 2005. An expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire （GHQ - 12） was used to identify subjects at high, moderate and low risk for having alcohol abuse and dependence, then diagnoses were made according to the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder （ DSM - IV ） criteria after conducting a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM- IV- TR Axis I Disorders- Patient Edition （SCID- I/P）. Global Assessment Function （GAF） was used to assess the rate of psychological, social and vocational functional impairment. Results ： Nine thousand and twenty - one subjects completed the screening. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse was 27.49‰ and the point prevalence was 10.37‰. The point prevalence was higher in male （ 20.01‰ vs 0.69‰） （ P 〈 0.01 ）, in rural areas （ 11.44‰ vs 2. 76‰） （P 〈 0. 01 ）, and in 18 - 59 years population. The percentage of psychological, social and vocational functional impairment were respectively 91.67% （not or mild） , 2.38% （moderate） and 5.95% （severe）. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence was 14.25~＇~, and the point prevalence was 10.47‰. The point prevalence was higher in male （20.69‰ vs 0.22‰） （ P 〈 0.01 ） and in 20 - 69 years old population. The percentage of psychological, social and vocational functional impairment were respectively 68.68% （ not or mild）, 27.71% （moderate） and 3.61% （severe）. The comorbidity of alcohol abuse and dependence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders were common. Conclusion：The alcohol abuse and dependence were two common kinds of mental disorder, and the point prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence was higher in male and young and middle - aged population. The alcohol abuse and dependence have been became a serious social public health problem.