天理与道义的彰显——朱熹王道思想的政治哲学解析

The Insistence of Tainli (Natural Law) and Justice——A Political Analysis of Zhu Xi' Thought of Wang Dao

在传统儒家的政治思想中,"王道"是一个有着特定涵义的术语,意指符合道义原则的政治,它体现的是儒家对理想的政治治理模式的追求。先秦两汉儒家在把王道理解为符合道义原则的政治的同时,也把它等同于"先王之道";朱熹用形而上学的方法解释了政治生活中的道义原则,把王道理解成为符合"天理"的政治,进而在更高层次上把握了政治的合理性;朱熹的王道思想具有明显的道义优先价值取向,它强调的是道义原则在政治生活中的绝对价值;把王道理解为符合普遍法则的政治表明了传统儒家对政治生活的认识的深化,标志着传统儒家的道义论政治哲学已经发展到了一个新的阶段。

In the political thought of traditional Confucian, ＂Wang Dao＂ is term with given meaning. It means a kind of polity according with justice, and it shows Confucians＇ideal for perfect governing. The thinkers in pre-Qin thought of ＂Wang Dao＂ as just polity, and at the same time, they equated it to the justice originated by pro-kings ; Zhu Xi explained the moral principle in polity in a metaphysical way, so he regarded ＂Wang Dao＂ as the polity following Tainli （ Natural Law）, and then he held the rationality in political process in a higher level; Zhu Xi＇s thought of Wang Dao has a obvious tendency that juice is most priority; The opinion that the polity accords with the moral principle is perfect show that traditional Confucian comprehended polity deeper and deeper. The theory of Zhu Xi＇ thought of Wang Dao indicated that the deontology political philosophy of traditional Confucian had been developed to a higher phases.