再论农村社会学的研究对象和研究内容

On the Research Object and Research Content of Rural Sociology

学界关于农村社会学研究对象的理论可以被归为三类:即整体论、局部论和微观与宏观关系论。它们都包含着这样一种共同的基调:即农村社会学是研究农村个体与社会的相互关系的一门社会学分支学科。因此,农村社会学的研究对象,就是农村个体与社会的关系,亦即农村个体的社会行动和模式化互动与农村社会结构之间的相互关系。农村社会学研究对象在各个层面上具体展开就构成了农村社会学的研究内容。从建设社会主义新农村的目标出发,农村社会学的研究内容可以分为农村社会结构研究、社会过程研究和社会调控研究三个有机组成部分。

The theory of research object on rural sociology can be concluded into three categories： the theory of the whole, the theory of the part and the theory of the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic view. All of them are based on the view that rural sociology is a branch of sociology which researches the mutual relationship between rural individual and society. Therefore, the research object on rural sociology is the relationship between rural individuals and society, namely, the mutual relationship between social act and mode interaction of rural individual and rural social structure. The specific development in all levels of research object on rural sociology becomes the research contents of rural sociology. From the goal of constructing socialist new countryside, the research contents of rural sociology can be divided into the research of rural social structure, of social course and of social adjustment.