碾搓式银杏脱壳机的设计与试验

Study on extrusion-grind decorticating equipment design and experiment of ginkgo with grinding wheel

为找出银杏工业化脱壳方法,针对其物料特性和脱壳要求,分析对比主要的脱壳方法,设计一种碾搓式银杏脱壳机。通过不同预处理的脱壳对比试验发现,当碾搓砂轮外缘间隙10 mm,斜度15°,对分别经水煮、微波、烘干处理的银杏进行脱壳,破壳率接近100%,整仁率分别为98%、94%和97%脱壳效果。而仅作预冷处理的银杏采用此种方式脱壳,破壳率超过90%,但整仁率不到85%。试验为银杏脱壳装置的优化设计提供了依据。

By analyzing and comparing the main method of nut exuviating, an extrusion-grind type ginkgo exuviating equipment was designed, which aimed at exuviating require and characteristic of the ginkgo. Comparing with exuviating experiment, the key parameter is analyzed, which influences the result of ginkgo exuviating. After pre-treating of poach, microwave and drying, cracked rate （ i. e. cracked gingko quantity in the total tested material per kilogram） is close to 100% and integrated kernel rate （ i. e. rounded kernel of shelled gingko quantity in per kilogram tested material） is 98% ,94% and 17% respectively, when the extrusion-grind＇s outer fringe interval is 10mm and the pitch is 15°. While, the cracked rate of pre-cooling ginkgo exceeds 90% , which just deal with this way to be exuviated, but the integrated kernel rate is less than 85%. These experiments offer scientific basis for ginkgo exuviating equipment optimization design.