风沙土麻黄基地土壤培肥措施及肥料效应研究

Study on characters of N,P and K of aeolian soil and fertilization for Ephedra sinica growing base

为了研究土壤培肥措施对风沙地改良效果,通过温室盆栽试验和大田试验研究了麻黄Ephedra sinica地风沙土土壤N、P、K养分资源特征,养分生物学特征及培肥措施对麻黄产量的影响。结果表明:风沙土土壤全量养分资源和速效养分资源都十分贫乏。风沙土土壤自身对于N、P、K的吸附效率很低,在一定范围内随着施用量的增加而提高。各种营养元素在麻黄生长中都表现出明显的缺乏,缺乏顺序为:K>N>P。根据麻黄生物学产量的变化,可以将麻黄生长发育过程分为4个阶段:快速生长阶段、缓慢生长阶段、第2次快速生长阶段和植株产量下降阶段。施肥对麻黄产量具有明显影响,对麻黄的增产作用顺序为N>P>K。施用有机肥、翻压秸秆等培肥措施均能明显提高风沙土土壤全量养分和速效养分。

The characteristics of N, P and K in aeolian soil and their effects on the yield, biological characters of nutrient and fertilizing measures for Ephedra sinica growing base were studied through chemical analysis, mathematical statistics, pot experiment and field experiment. The result showed that aeolian soil was very poor both in total and available nutrients. Its nutrient reservation efficiency was very low, so the fertilization rate should be increased in certain range. The nutrient deficiency for E. sinica growing in aeolian soil was very significant, and the order was K〉N〉P. According to the biomass change of E. sinica, the growth period could be divided into four stages： fast growing stage, slow growing stage, the second fast growing stage and yield reduction stage. Fertilization showed the apparent effect on the yield of E. sinica, and the order was N〉P〉K. The contents of total nutrient and available nutrient in aeolian soil were increased remarkably by applying the organic fertilizer and straw.