氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响

Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Combined Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Soybean

合理施肥能明显改善大豆生长状况并提高产量，但山东地区大豆生产中不施肥、肥料施用配比不合理现象较为普遍。为了探明该地区大豆高产施肥中氮磷钾最佳配比用量，通过大田试验，采用“3414”肥料试验设计和亚有限大豆品种辽豆11，研究了氮磷钾肥配合施用对大豆植株干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明：大豆生长过程中，植株地上部干物质不断增加，植株各部分之间干物质分配比例呈动态变化；不同处理N、P2O5和K2O的累积量之间及与干物质的积累量之间呈极显著线性关系，大豆对N、P2O5、K2O吸收比例为2．89：1．00：1．75；氮磷钾肥配合施用显著提高大豆产量，各施肥处理产量较不施肥处理增产27．9％～43．2％；大豆高产最佳吧料配比用量N50．0kg·hm^-2，P2O5 105．0kg·hm^-2，K2O 90．0kg·hm^-2和3种肥料施用比例N：P2O5：K2O=1：2．1：1．8可作为该地区大豆生产氮磷钾肥配施参考依据。

Much research showed that rational application of fertilizer could improve the growth and enhance yield of soybean significantly. Shandong province is one of most important soybean production area of China, but the problems of no-fertilizer and irrational fertilization in soybean production are widely existent, so the fertilizer application in this area has positive significance to enhance the soybean yield. Previous study most focused on single or two kinds of nitrogen （N） , phosphorus （P2O5 ）and potassium（ K2O） fertilizer combined application, and there was less research on combined application of all the three kinds of fertilizer. Soybeans cuhivar Liaodou 11 and field experiment was adopted in spring of 2006 and 2007 year. The effect of N ,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer combined application on dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean were studied used ＂3414＂ fertilizer experiment design in order to obtain optimum ratio of the three kinds of fertilizer for high yield soybean production. Dry matter of soybean plant above ground increased constantly and of different part of plant showed dynamic change during the growth period of soybean. Significantly positive correlations existed between accumulation amount of N, P2O5 and K2O ,which also significantly positive related with the dry matter accumulation amount and the assimilation ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O was 2.89：1.00：1.75. Combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could improve the yield of soybean significantly by 27.9% - 43.2%. The dosage of N 50.0 kg·hm^-2, P205 105.0 kg·hm^-2 and K2O 90.0 kg·hm^-2（ N： P2O5：K2O = 1： 2.1：1.8 ）was optimum ratio of the three kinds of fertilizers for the higher yield in soybean production in experiment area.