血管管腔内支架的技术性能及临床应用

Performance and clinical application of vascular or endoluminal stent

血管管腔内支架是指在管腔球囊扩张成形的基础上,在病变段置入内支架以达到支撑狭窄闭塞段血管,减少血管弹性回缩及再塑形,保持管腔血流通畅的目的,部分内支架还具有预防血管再狭窄的作用。支架尺寸、表面覆盖率、径向支撑力、伸展性、支架纵向缩短率(回缩量)、疲劳测试、材料成分、抗腐蚀性、凝血性能、表面粗糙度及生物相容性(血液相容性)等可作为衡量血管内支架的性能参数。血管管腔内支架已广泛用于动、静脉系统及非血管管腔系统。血管内支架置入后并发症的发生率为11.6%,主要并发症有急性或亚急性血栓形成,再狭窄,支架脱落等。支架内再狭窄一致性的结论认为再狭窄主要是由组织增生引起的。

Vascular or endoluminal stem is a stent implanted in the lesion site to support stenosis vessels based on luminal balloon expansion, to reduce vascular elasticity recoil and remoulding, and maintain blood flow patent. Some stents can also prevent vascular restenosis. Stent size, surface coverage, radial supporting, extensibility, longitudinal recoil, fatigue test, material composition, corrosion-resistance, coagulation, surface roughness and biocompatibility （blood compatibility） are performance parameters to evaluate the stents. Vascular or endoluminal stent has been widely used in arterial and venous systems and non-vessel luminal systems. The incidence of complications following stenting is 11.6%, including acute or subacute thrombogenesis, restenosis, or stent dislocation. It is commonly demonstrated that intrastent restenosis is caused by hyperblastosis.