运动损伤相关因素分析:理科大学生568人调查

Correlation factor analysis of sports injuries in 568 college students of science and engineering

背景:运动过程中如不能使机体的运行保持在良好的运动状态下,结果将导致各种各样的运动损伤。目的:了解大学生参加体育运动损伤发生情况,分析其发生原因。设计、时间及地址:调查分析,实验于2006-12在四川理工学院完成。对象:选择2006年四川理工学院二、三、四年级在校本专科生共568名,平均年龄19.6岁,其中325名男学生,243名女学生。方法:采用问卷调查法、访谈和实地调查法及文献资料法进行调查。发放调查表共630份,回收609份,回收率达96.67%。弃去有漏填、明显前后矛盾的问卷共41份。主要观察指标:调查上述人员运动损伤发生率、致伤项目、损伤部位、发生场合、发生时间和损伤类型。结果:从随机抽样调查的568份有效问卷得知,大学生运动损伤发生率是57.7%,体育生损伤率最高(87.5%);致伤项目篮球居首位;损伤主要发生在室外硬地;损伤部位多见于膝关节、距小腿关节、手关节等;课外活动是损伤的主要场合;损伤类型以扭伤、擦伤、拉伤、挫伤为主。结论:学生运动损伤与特殊专业、运动项目有关,外界因素和自身因素是造成损伤的原因,针对原因加强教育、管理是避免运动损伤发生的关键。

BACKGROUND： If the body does not in a good condition during sports, varied sports injury would be detected. OBJECTIVE： To investigate sports injuries among college students, and to analyze the reasons. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The investigation analysis was performed at the Sichuan University of Science and Engineering in December 2006. PARTICIPANTS： 568 students with a mean age of 19.6 years from grades two, three and four of Sichuan University of Science and Engineering were enrolled in 2006. There were 325 males and 243 females. METHODS： Questionnaires, visiting, literature review and mathematical statistics were applied to investigate sports injuries. Totally 630 questionnaires were sent out, and 609 were retrieved, resulting in a recovery rate of 96.67 %. Totally 41 incomplete questionnaires or with significant contradiction were dropped out. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUERS： Incidence, items, region, occasion, occurrence time and type of sports injury. RESULTS： By analyzing 568 effective questionnaires, the rate of sports injuries was 57.7% in common students, and 87.5% among students of Physical Education Department. Sports injuries often took place in basketball. Injuries mainly occurred on outdoor hard ground. Injured parts were mainly on knee, articulatio crurotalaris and hard joint. Extracurricular activities could cause injury. Injury types included sprain, scrape, drawning and contunding. CONCLUSION： Sport injuries among students have close correlation to special majors and sports items. External and internal factors are the major reasons. Education and management should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of sport injuries.