吸入二氧化硫对小鼠变应性鼻炎的影响

Effects of sulphur dioxide inhalation on allergic rhinitis in mice

目的观察二氧化硫（sulphur dioxide，SO2）对小鼠变应性鼻炎（AR）的影响，探讨SO2对鼻黏膜的毒性作用机理。方法纯系雄性昆明小鼠50只，随机分为对照组、AR组和3个SO2吸入组（在AR基础上吸入不同剂量的SO2），共5组，每组10只。收集各组小鼠鼻腔灌洗液和外周血，采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测血清和鼻腔灌洗液中白细胞介素5（IL-5）和白细胞介素13（IL-13）的水平；常规HE染色观察鼻窦黏膜中嗜酸粒细胞的浸润情况；免疫组化染色分析鼻窦黏膜中表面活性蛋白D（surfactant proteinD，SP-D）的表达。结果随着吸入SO2，剂量的增加，血清和鼻腔灌洗液中IL-5、IL-13的水平增高，鼻窦黏膜中嗜酸粒细胞的浸润增多，且均呈正相关（r值分别为0．894、0．874、0．894、0．891及0．870，P值均〈0．01）。56mg／m^3和112mg／m^3 SO2吸入组鼻窦黏膜中SP—D的表达随着吸入SO2浓度的增高而增强，而168mg/m^3 SO2吸入组中SP-D的表达反而降低（P〈0．001）。结论鼻腔吸入的SO2可以促进Th2细胞因子表达，增加鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞浸润，在一定程度上加重AR病变。

Objective To observe the effect of sulphur dioxide （SO2 ） inhalation on the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis （AR） in mice, and investigate the toxic effect of SO2 on respiratory tract mucosa. Methods Fifty male Kunming strain mice were randomly allocated to five groups, i. e. , control group, AR group and AR plus different concentrations of SO2 group （three sub-groups）. Nasal cavity irrigating solution was gathered from nasal cavity, and blood from the orbital venous sinus after anesthesia. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in the peripheral serum and nasal cavity irrigating solution were measured by ELISA. The number of eosinophils（EOS） per square millimeter in sinus mucosa was calculated by hematoxlin-eosin. The expression of SP-D in nasal mucosa was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. Results With increasing concentrations of SO2 , the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in the peripheral serum, and the density of Eos in sinus mucosa increased simultaneously. A positive correlation existed between the concentration of inhaled SO2 and the elevation of both IL-5, IL-13 and Eos infiltration in nasal mucosa. The coefficient correlation relatively were 0. 894, 0. 874, 0. 894, 0. 891 and 0. 870（P 〈0. 01 ）. The expression of SP-D in 56 mg/m^3 and 112 mg/m^3 SO2 groups was higher, while it was lower in 168 mg/m^3 SO2 group （ P 〈 0. 001 ） . Conclusions The study showed that sulphur dioxide inhalation facilitates the onset of allergic rhinitis in mice. SO2-related Th2-derived cytokines as well as the infiltration of EOS in nasal mucosa help to aggravate the development of allergic rhinitis.