聚丙烯网状材料与颈前皮瓣联合重建气管的实验研究

An experimental study of polypropylene combined with flap for trachea reconstruction

目的通过构建犬颈段气管缺损与重建的实验动物模型，寻找一种通过一期手术即能与自体气管完全愈合为一体的人工气管材料和手术方法。方法将8只犬一期手术切除3．5～4．0cm长的颈部气管，采用可以永久保留在体内的聚丙烯网状材料与颈前皮瓣联合行气管重建，术后初期管腔内置入Z型金属覆膜气管支架，观察犬的生存期、生存质量，通过纤维气管镜、X线片及组织切片观察吻合口愈合情况及病理变化。结果8只犬中1只犬因继发呼吸衰竭于术后2d死亡，1只犬因吻合口感染术后10d死亡。存活的6只犬中除1只并发轻度气管狭窄，其余5只犬生活质量好，术后第2d即可正常饮水及进食，无呼吸困难等并发症。术后2、4、8周及6个月处死动物取出重建气管标本，见2周时有软组织长入聚丙烯网孔，使其硬度增加并具有一定的支撑度；4周时长入网孔的软组织增多；8周及6个月时软组织将聚丙烯网完全覆盖，并发生纤维化使网的支撑度明显增加。病理检查显示，术后2、4、8周时可见吻合口肉芽生长，术后6个月时肉芽组织较前缩小，皮瓣的鳞状上皮与黏膜的柱状上皮愈合良好。结论具有良好的组织相容性的聚丙烯网状材料与颈前皮瓣联合一期成形重建气管可与自体气管融为一体，成为自体气管的一部分，此种重建气管方法有望应用到临床。

Objective Canine model established for tracheal defect reconstruction,to investigate the outcome of tracheal reconstruction with combination of polypropynene and flap. Methods About 3.5 to 4 centimeter cervical trachea was resected and replaced with artificial trachea made from monofilament knitted polypropylene and surgical flap. Covered stent was implanted postoperatively. Survival period and quality of life were recorded, brunchofibroscopy, X-ray films and HE sections were perfomed. Results Six dogs survived well and another two died. The causes of death were respiratory failure in 1 and infection in another. Stenosis of anastomosis in 1 was recorded during survival period. The dogs started drinking and eating on the second postoperative day, no dyspnea was found. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Soft tissue growth was found in polypropynene net 2 weeks after surgery and more at 4 weeks. The polypropynene net was covered completely with soft tissue at 8 weeks and 6 months postoperatively, the hardness and sustentation degree were enhanced following the growth and fibrosis of soft tissue. The squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium were observed healing well by HE staining method. Conclusions One-stage operative artificial trachea made from monofilament knitted polypropylene which has good histocompatibility and surgical flap is the closer artificial trachea to native trachea. It has a promising prospect in clinical use.