西北地区矿山地质灾害的现状及其时空分布特征

Present status of mine geohazards in the northwest region of China and characteristics of their temporal-spatial distribution

西北地区矿产资源丰富,但大部分地区生态环境脆弱。矿业开发引发和加剧的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,严重威胁着矿山的正常生产和人民的生命财产安全。为了给西北地区矿山地质灾害监测和预警提供基础资料,依据2005年西北5省(自治区)矿山地质环境调查与评估的成果资料,系统分析和总结了西北地区矿山的地质灾害现状、危害程度及时空分布特征。结果表明,地面塌陷、地裂缝灾害数量最多、影响面积最大,泥石流灾害造成的人员死亡和经济损失最严重。秦岭山地是金属矿山泥石流灾害的高发区,黄土高原和其他山地则是煤矿山地面塌陷、地裂缝灾害的多发区。20世纪90年代以来,矿山5种地质灾害的数量是此前的8倍,地质灾害数量呈加剧的趋势。矿山地质灾害的监测、防治工作任重而道远。

In the northwest region of China, there are abundant mineral resources, ,but the ecological environment is very fragile in most areas. Geohazards, including avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface collapse and ground cracks initiated by mineral exploitation and mining have seriously threatened the normal mine production and people＇s life and property security. In order to provide the basic data for monitoring and early warning of geological disasters in the region, in light of the data of the mine geological environment investigation and assessments in five northwest provinces （regions） in 2005, the status, damages and spatial-temporal distribution of five kinds of mine geohazards in the study region were systematically analyzed and summarized. The results indicate that： the quantity of surface collapses and land cracks is largest and their influence area is biggest, and the casualty and economic loss caused by mudflow disasters are most serious. The Qinling Mountains are a mudflow disaster-prone area for metal mines, and the loess plateau and other mountains are surface collapse and land crack disaster-prone areas for coal mines. Since the 1990s, the quantities of five geohazards occurring in mines have been eight times as many as before, and the number of geohazards has had a growing trend. The supervision and prevention and control of mine geohazards have a long way to go.