陕北能源化工基地资源开发引起的植被生态风险

Ecological risk of vegetation caused by resource exploitation in the Northern Shaanxi, Energy & Chemical Industry Base, China

地下水和煤炭资源开发是否会破环生态环境,以及会给生态环境安全带来多大的风险,是陕北能源化工基地资源开发和生态环境保护中不可逾越的课题。以陕北能源化工基地生态环境最为脆弱的风沙滩地区为研究区,在研究地下水位埋深与植被生态关系的基础上,建立了不同地貌类型、不同潜水水位埋深对应的植被群落类型和植被指数分布的关系,利用Modflow软件建立了风沙滩地区地下水流数值模拟模型,采用蒙特卡洛方法建立了植被生态随机模型,根据地下水水位埋深与植被生态的关系实现了地下水流模型和植被生态模型的耦合求解,对地下水资源和煤炭资源开发可能引起的植被生态变化进行预测和风险评估。

Whether groundwater and coal exploitation will destroy the eco-environment and how much risk they will bring to the e- cological safety are inevitable subjects in the process of resource development and eco-environmental protection in the Northern Shaanxi Energy ＆ Chemical Industry Base. In this study, the eolian sand beach area, whose eco-environment is most fragile in the Northern Shaanxi Energy ＆ Chemical Industry Base, was selected as the study area, and based on the relationship between the depth of water table and normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI）, the relationship between the types of vegetation communities and NDVI corresponding to different geomorphological types and different water table depths was established. The authors used the MODFLOW software to construct the numerical groundwater flow model of the eolian sand beach area and the Monte Carlo method to construct a stochastic model of vegetation ecology. According to the relationship between the depth of water table and NDVI, the groundwater flow model and vegetation ecological model were coupled. The risk of potential changes of vegetation ecology caused by groundwater and coal exploitation was then forecasted and assessed.