内蒙古西部额济纳盆地土地荒漠化发展态势及其成因

Current status, evolution trend and cause of land desertification of the Ejin basin, western Inner Mongolia, China

为了查明额济纳盆地荒漠化的发展趋势及其成因,通过野外调查、遥感解译、样品测试及资料收集对比,从环境地质学的角度对额济纳盆地荒漠化的发展态势和成因进行了分析研究。结果表明:目前额济纳盆地土地荒漠化呈发展态势,环境在进一步恶化。认为荒漠化过程主要受区域地质环境条件变化的影响,全球气候变化、青藏高原隆升所引起的西北地区的干旱化趋势,是研究区荒漠化发生发展的决定性因素,盆地内的构造沉积背景决定着荒漠化的类型,水环境的变化直接影响着额济纳荒漠化的发生和发展速度。同时,当前人为因素对地质环境的影响很大,人类对水资源和土地资源的不合理利用,加速了荒漠化的发展速度。

At present, land desertification is developing evidently in the Ejin basin and the environment of the basin is further deteriorating. The trend and cause of desertification of the Ejin basin were analyzed in the environmental geological context. The authors think that desertification of the study area is controlled mainly by the regional geological environment. In the Ejin basin, the decisive factor for the initiation and development of desertification is the aridization trend in northwestern China caused by the global climate change and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; the main type of desertification is determined by the tectonic-sedimentary setting in the basin; and the rate of desertification is affected directly by the hydrologic environment. In addition, we must realize that human activities produce a great impact on the geological environment. Because of the irrational use of land resources and water resources, human beings speed up the development of desertification