晚清中国关于西方礼俗的论辩

The Argumets on Western Etiquettes in Late Qing China

中西礼俗有许多不同之处。近代以降,中西接触渐多.西方礼俗渐为中国人所知,关于西方礼俗的介绍、评论日渐增多。斌椿、郭嵩焘等使西或西游的人,对西方的礼俗见之更多,晓之更深,多有介绍。最为集中的是傅兰雅翻译的《西礼须知》、《戒礼须知》与刘式训译编的《泰西礼俗新编》,介绍了西人从出生到婚葬的各种礼俗。19世纪80年代以前,人们对西方礼俗有褒有贬,对西人守时、朴实等习俗比较赞赏,对妇女参加社交之礼俗颇有微词。随着学习西方热潮的兴起,特别是甲午战争以后,对西方礼俗的正面评价日益多了起来。到20世纪初年,已有人认为西方礼俗发乎情,根乎性,敦厚淳朴,可与中国上古三代相媲美,中国应该努力取法。在中西接触中,中西都有人讥刺对方礼俗,以己为美、以人为丑,以己为文、以人为野,这些都是文化沙文主义的表现。

The western etiquettes are different from that of the China. It is after the Opium War that Chinese began to get some knowledge about the western etiquettes. With the opening of China to the West, many westerners came to China, and meantime there were also some Chinese went to western countries, some of whom mentioned the western etiquettes. In the earlier time, the Chinese admired some of the western etiquettes, but there were also some etiquettes that they couldn＇t stand, such as the women＇s involvement in the sociality. With the rising of the moment of learning from the western in the 1870s, most of the people were positive to the western etiquettes. In the early time of the 202 century, Liu Shixun compared western etiquettes with the Chinese etiquettes in many aspects, his conclusion was that by these etiquettes, we can see that the western people are honest, simple, and meanwhile, we also can understand its western culture background, the equality, the individualism and so on.