1185例“健康”动物咬伤患者特征与狂犬病干预效果追踪研究

An tracing study on the characteristic and the effect of intervening rabies of the 1185 bitten patient by the health animal

目的探索“健康”动物咬伤的患者的特征以及对被咬伤者采取仅用处理伤口和接种狂犬病疫苗干预狂犬病措施的效果。方法对被咬伤的患者进行流行病学等特征分析，并对被咬伤者采取按规范处理伤口和接种人用狂犬病疫苗干预措施，研究其免疫学和流行病学效果。结果1185例“健康”动物咬伤的患者较集中于3～10月份，男女性别比为1．29：1，年龄分布10～19岁最多，占20．42％，职业分布学生和工人最多，各占28．52％和23．29％；发生在铁路占64．81％，在家咬伤占65．15％，犬咬伤最多，占83．46％，猫、鼠各占11．05％，5．15％，咬伤下肢和上肢各占57．98％和36．29％：740例咬伤者狂犬疫苗免疫后阳性率89．32％，男女性别、年龄差别均不显著（均为P〉0．05）：1年以内至10年以上的五个不同时间段流行病学追踪结果，狂犬病发病率均为0。结论本地区“健康”动物咬伤的患者与其他地区有相似的特征，也有自己的特点，对其采取按规范处理伤口和接种人用狂犬病疫苗干预狂犬病的效果是可靠的。

Objective To explore the characteristic of the bitten patient by the health animal and the effect of intervening rabies only uses the processing wound and the vaccination rabies vaccine for it. Methods the epidemiological characteristics of the bitten patient by the health animal were studied and so on, and the immunological and the epidemiological effect only uses the processing wound and the vaccination rabies vaccine for it were studied. Results There were centralized in March to in October of the 1185 bitten patient by the health animal. The male and female ratio was 1.29：1. Age distribution： the patients of 10-19 age-group accounted the majority, which was 20.42%. Occupation distribution： 28.52% of them were the students and 23.29% were the workers. 64.81% of them from the railway was. 65.15% of them were bitten in the home. The bitten patient by dog was most, which was 83.46%, and 11.05% of them were bitten by the cat and 5.15% by the mouse. The bitten patient on the lower limb was 57.98% and on the upper limb was 36.29%. The positive rate of Anti-rabies of the 740 examples was 89.32%, and the positive rate of Anti-rabies of the male was difference not remarkable to female, and the age-group is same also （P〉0.05）. The rabies incidence rate of five different time-group from within 1 year to 10 year above were 0. Conclusion There are the similar characteristic of the bitten patient by the health animal this area with other areas, and there are own characteristic. The effect of intervening rabies is reliable that only uses the processing wound and the vaccination rabies vaccine for the bitten patient by the health animal.