1985～2005年中国大学生体质变化趋势分析

ANALYSIS ON THE TRENDS OF THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' PHYSICAL CHANGE FROM 1985 TO 2005

[目的]以1985和2005年两次全国体质调查资料为基础,分析与探讨我国大学生20年来体质变化发展趋势。[方法]对1985和2005年全国学生体质健康进行调查,按分层随机整群抽样原则选取来自全国28个省及直辖市19～22岁汉族大学生118352(男60909;女57443)名,测量其身高、体重、BMI、肩宽、胸围、骨盆、血压、肺活量及体能测验。[结果]20年来中国大学生身高,体重及BMI均显著性增加,但是肩宽及骨盆宽均显著性减少;1985～2005年间我国大学生机能显著性下降,在体能方面,大学生虽然暴发力及柔韧性素质显著性提高,但是50m跑及耐力跑则显著性下降;城乡男女大学生超重及肥胖的比例均呈现快速增长的趋势,超重及肥胖对大学生的体质健康产生较大的负面影响。[结论]我国大学生体格向高大细长型发展;机能和耐力素质方面呈下降趋势;城乡男女大学生超重及肥胖的比例均呈现快速增长的趋势,造成这种现象的主要原因为快速的经济发展与滞后的健康教育体制。

[Objective] This study is based on the data of the two nationwide physique investigations in1985 and 2005, to analyze and discuss the trends of Chinese college students＇ physical change in the twenty years. [ Methods] The objects of study were the healthy college students of Hans, from 19 to 22 years old, which were 60 909 boys and 57 443 girls, totally 256 747 students. They all took part in the investigations in 1985 and 2005, which were chosen from 28 provinces and municipalities in the whole country, according to the principle of a stratified random sample survey. [ Results] The results of study showed that the stature, weight and BMI of Chinese college students increased obviously but widths of shoulders and pelvises decreased obviously in the twenty years; from 1985 to 2005, the physical functions of our college students declined Clearly. In physical fitness, though the college students＇ explosive force and flexibility improved obviously, but the ability of fifty-meter and endurance race fell down obviously. The percentage of the male and female college students with overweight and obesity appeared the fast increasing trends in the urban and rural areas. The overweight and obesity made great bad effects on the heahh of the college students： [Conclusion] The physique of Chinese college students becomes tall and spindly gradually; the physical functions and endurance fitness appear the decreasing trends. The rate in the overweight and obesity of male and female college students in urban and rural areas go up quickly. The main reason for this phenomenon is the fast economical development and behindhand health education system.