我军步兵与通信兵部队营养健康现状调查——1.步兵部队膳食调查

NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH STATUS OF INFANTRY AND SIGNAL TROOPS OF PLA——1.THE DIETARY NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF INFANTRY

目的了解南、北方步兵部队战士的膳食营养状况，为制定我军步兵部队新的食物定量标准提供科学依据。方法采用称量法，连续5d对南方桌部甲、乙连及北方桌部丙、丁连共245人进行膳食调查；同时进行24h生活观察。结果（1）平均每人每日的能量消耗为15．56kJ，属于重度～极重度体力劳动强度；（2）平均每人每日消耗的食物种类，南方步兵为27～34种；北方步兵为30～41种；（3）谷类、蔬菜、鱼虾的摄入量普遍不足；多数连队蛋类、豆类及制品的摄入量偏低，但油脂的摄入量偏高，平均超标18．6％；（4）热能81．5％来源于植物性食物，而摄入动物性蛋白质和大豆蛋白质之和占摄入蛋白质总量的46．8％，符合军标要求；（5）平均每人每日的能量摄入量达标；但南步乙连和北步丁连的蛋白质摄入偏低；（6）平均每人每日钙、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2和尼克酸的摄入量明显低于军标。结论步兵部队目前能量和多数营养素的摄入量能达到军标要求，但钙、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2和尼克酸等营养素摄入普遍不足，油脂的摄入量偏高，部分连队蛋白质摄入不足。建议增加动物内脏、蔬菜、水果及奶类的供给，适当限制脂肪摄入。

Objective To evaluate the dietary nutritional status in PLA soldiers and provide scientific basis for determining the new daily dietary ration for them. Methods 5-day weighing method was applied, and time-motion was conducted as well. A total of 245 soldiers including Company A, B in the south army and Company C, D in the north army were investigated. Results （ 1 ） The average energy expenditure was 15.56 kJ, classified as heavy - very heavy labor intensity. （2） The average kinds of food consumption were 27 - 34 for the south,30 - 41 for the north. （3） The intake of cereal,vegetables,fish and shrimp were not enough,the intake of egg and bean in most soldiers was also lower,while the intake of fat was too high （ 18.6% more than the ration）. （4） 81.5% of energy was from plant foods. Protein intake from animal food plus soybean acounted for 46.8 % of total protein intake, which was conformed to the military standard. （5） The average daily energy intake of soldiers was enough, while the protein intake of company B and D was lower than the dietary ration. （6） The average intake of calcium, vitamin A, B1, B2, and niacin was lower than the dietary ration. Conclusion The average daily intake of energy and most nutrients was enough, but calcium, vitamin A, B1, 132, and niacin was lower than the dietary ration while fat intake was too high. It was suggested that the soldiers should take more animal internal organs, vegetables, fruits, milk, and less fat.