市场分割下大学毕业生的就业偏好分析

The employment preference of graduates in the segmented labor market

本文利用大学毕业生就业与创业调查,发现大学毕业生就业有明显的单位偏好、职业偏好和地区偏好。实证分析表明,当大学毕业生的就业单位为正规部门、工作地点在东部大城市时,毕业生的就业满意度将较高。正是由于我国劳动力市场的多重分割在一定程度上形成了初次就业对于就业部门和收益的锁定效应,从而造成毕业生就业出现明显的偏好。因此,要促进大学生面向基层就业,就要尽量减轻劳动力市场的分割程度。

This article analyzes the basic characteristics of the employment of college graduates with the data from the Survey of Employment and Entrepreneurship of Graduates. It shows that graduates have strong preference to the type of sections, professions, and places. It proves that the graduates will be more satisfied with their jobs when they are employed in the regular section and eastern large cities. The employment preference mostly comes from the lock effects of the first job in the multiple segmentation of the labor market in China, which will determine their later professions and life- long earnings of the employees. The paper suggests that the strong preference of graduates in employment only can be weakened by decreasing the extent of segmentation of labor market.