达尔富尔问题的历史溯源——再论达尔富尔冲突的原因、阶段及性质

Historical Origin of the Darfur Issue:A Further Discussion on the Origin,Phases and Nature of the Darfur Issue

在目前冲突爆发之前,苏丹达尔富尔地区的局势已然十分紧张和混乱。20世纪80年代中期之前,由于这一地区的资源争夺和之后的种族对立问题未得到有效解决,冲突不断升级与扩大,性质也逐渐由传统的部落冲突演变为种族间的暴力对抗。20世纪末,苏丹政治伊斯兰运动的分裂及国家层面的权力争夺,给达尔富尔地区原本严重的种族冲突注入了政治因素,而南方问题趋于解决又给对政府心怀怨恨的某些达尔富尔精英分子树立了用武装斗争赢得权力与财富的样板。因此,达尔富尔目前的危机并非偶然和突发,它既是当地原有冲突的全面升级与扩大,也是争夺国家权力与财富的又一战场。

Before courrent conflicts,the situation in Darfur had been terribly intense and confused.Before mid-1980s,scrambling for resources and then the ethnic opposition in the region became more and more serious and the traditional tribal conflicts evolved into violent racial confrontation.By the end of 20th century,split of the political Islamic movement of Sudan and scrambles for the power of state rendered political elements to the seriously-going ethnic conflicts,and then the coming solution of the southern issue set some example for the Darfur elites to obtain power and wealth by arm.So the current crisis in Darfur is not a contingency,it has been the general upgrade and extension of the orginal conflicts and a new battlefield for state power and wealth.