低出生体重学龄儿童智力发育状况研究

Study on Intelligence Development Status of School-age Children with Low Birth Weight

目的了解6～12岁低出生体重（LBW）儿童智力发育状况，为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用出生队列结合巢氏病例对照方法，按照1：1匹配原则，选取1994年6月-2000年6月在铜陵市妇幼保健院出生的单胎低出生体重儿童和足月正常出生体重（NBW）儿童各101名；采用问卷调查其人口统计学特征，运用中国韦氏智力量表（C-WICS）评价其智力商数（IQ）。结果6-12岁低出生体重儿童在学龄期的总智商低于正常出生体重儿童，两组分别为99．97±15．07，104．33±13．95，差异有统计学意义（P=0．038）。LBW儿童操作智商低于NBW儿童，而在言语智商方面与NBW儿童差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。结论对LBW儿童实施早期教育和智力开发与监测，将有利于加快LBW儿童的智力追赶发育。

Objective To assess the intelligence development status of Children with low birth weight during 0 - 12 and to provide bases for making appropriate intervention measures for them. Methods With the method of nested case-control, 101 children born from June 1994 to June 2000 with birth weight lower than 2 500 g, had been followed up from birth cohorts. Meanwhile, 101 children with normal birth weight （NBW） as controls were 1：1 matched to the case group by sex, age and resident district in the cohort. By use of questionnaire, demographic characteristics and family environment were collected. Intelligence quotient （IQ） was measured with C-WISC test. Results The total IQ of 6-12-year-old children with LBW was lower than children with NBW. Meanwhile, the mean IQ for LBW children was （99.97± 15.07） and （ 104.33±13.95 ） for NBW children, and the difference between them was significant. From the two dimensions of IQ, children with LBW had lower PIQ than the children with NBW, while there was no difference in VIQ between them. Conclusion Early education and intelligence development are important for children with LBW to improve their intelligence and social adaptability.