3种爬山虎叶比较解剖学研究

On comparative anatomy of leaves of three species of Parthenocissus

运用临时装片法、石蜡切片法、显微观察及显微照相的方法，对粉叶爬山虎、异叶爬山虎、爬山虎叶及异叶爬山虎与爬山虎营养枝叶的解剖结构进行了比较研究．结果表明：1）3种爬山虎叶均为典型异面叶，1层表皮细胞，排列紧密；角质层发达，含蜡质；栅栏组织近2层，排列紧密，叶肉有含晶细胞；仅下表皮具气孔．2）粉叶爬山虎叶两面具腺毛，腺毛由3～12个细胞构成；爬山虎叶仅腹面具腺毛，腺毛由3～5个细胞构成，而异叶爬山虎叶不具腺毛；角质层厚度从小到大依次为粉叶爬山虎，爬山虎，异叶爬山虎；粉叶爬山虎叶表面覆盖颗粒状蜡质，腹面覆盖盾状鳞片蜡质；爬山虎叶表面覆盖颗粒状蜡质，腹面具发达盾状鳞片蜡质；异叶爬山虎叶仅腹面具有盾状鳞片蜡质；营养枝叶均无表皮附属物．爬山虎叶气孔器为不等型，异叶爬山虎叶为无规则型，粉叶爬山虎叶为平列型，营养枝叶均为环卫型．栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比值从大到小依次为粉叶爬山虎，异叶爬山虎，爬山虎，而叶片与海绵组织厚度从大到小依次为爬山虎，异叶爬山虎，粉叶爬山虎．3）3种爬山虎叶均趋向旱生植物叶的结构特征．

A comparative study on the anatomy of Parthenocissus thomsonili, Parthenocissus heterophy, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaves indicates the results as follows ： （1） The leaves of the three species are typical bifacial leaf, the epidermal cells are monolayer with close arrangement, and the cuticles are thick with the wax. The mesophyll has obvious palisade tissue and spongy tissue and the palisades are double layers arranged closely. All mesophyll includes crystal cell and only lower epidermis has the stoma. （2） The epidermal appurtenances to the three species of Parthenocissus, the loose degree of spongy tissue and the characteristics of leaves have obvious differences among species. （3） The research on ecologic adaptation of the leaves and sterile stem leaves is of great significance.