秋水仙素诱导同源四倍体萝卜的研究

Studies on the induction of autotetraploid radish with colchicine

采用不同质量浓度的秋水仙素处理子叶期二倍体萝卜茎尖生长点,通过对突变株进行形态学、细胞学、农艺学及营养品质鉴定,获得同源四倍体。结果表明:经2.0 g.L-1秋水仙素处理6次获得同源四倍体的效果最佳,四倍体诱导率达到4.5%。与二倍体相比,四倍体植株在叶片厚度、气孔大小、保卫细胞内叶绿体数目、花器官大小、花粉粒纵横径、种子单粒径等表现出"巨大性";四倍体植株株高、十叶厚、直根重等农艺学性状指标显著大于二倍体;四倍体萝卜维生素C、可溶性蛋白、有机酸、可溶性糖、还原糖等营养品质指标也高于二倍体。

The diploid radish （ Raphanus sativus L. ） was induced by treating the apical portion of cotyledon with different concen- trations of colchicine solution. The autotetraploid plants were obtained by identifying the characteristics of morphology, cytology, agronomy, and nutrition quality. The results showed that the best effect of autotetraploid was obtained with 2. 0 g · L^- 1 colehicine solution for 6 times, and the frequency was 4. 5 %. Compared with the diploid plants, the autotetraploid plants showed the ＇ enormous characteristic＇ in the thickness of leaves, the size of stomatas, the number of chloroplasts in a leaf guard cell, the size of flower organs, the length and the width of pollen grains, the size of seeds and so on. The height of plants, the thickness of ten leaves and the weight of taproot of autotetraploid were significantly higher than diploid. The nutrition quality of autotetraploid radish was also much better than diploid radish, such as vitamin C, soluble protein, organic acid, soluble sugar and reductive sugar.