“价值转形”矛盾的逻辑根源:绝对量与相对量的混淆——兼论马克思价值理论的精髓

Logical Root of Contradic in Value Transforming:Confusion of Absolute Quantity and Relative Quantity——Research on the Essence of Marxist Theory of Value

价值的本质是生产关系,价值尺度必须反映社会的本质特征,因此价值尺度与价值量都是随着生产关系变化而改变的相对量,不同生产关系下的价值量没有直接的可比性。对斯密的误解所产生的追求逻辑一致性的价值理论,致使人们将仅仅适应于非货币性简单商品交换的劳动价值论应用于性质完全不同的资本主义,忽视了绝对性的价值量与相对性的"生产价格"量之间在逻辑上的不可统一性,因此产生了古典学派体系中的严重逻辑矛盾。理论和事实证明,以"实体"为基础的绝对性劳动价值论,与马克思所要揭示的资本主义经济本质是格格不入的。只有以"生产关系"为基础的相对性价值理论,才能够真正成为其理论基础,从而是马克思价值理论的精髓。

The essence of value is production relations and the measure of value must reflect the nature of society, so the measure of value and the value quantity both are relative quantity, changing with production relations. There is no comparability among different value quantity under different production relations. The theory of value pursues logical unify, which makes us apply labor theory of value which merely adapt to the simple non-monetary goods exchange to capitalist market economy which is completely different in nature, and neglect the fact that the absolute value quantity and the relative ＂production price＂ quantity will not unify logically. Therefore there is serious logical contradiction in classical school system. Theory and facts have proven that the absolute labor theory of value based on ＂entity＂ is incompatible with the essence of capitalist economy promulgated by Marx. The relative theory of value based on production relations is truly its theoretical foundation and the essence of Marxist theory of value.