地方立法民主化和科学化研究

Study on democratization and scientificization of local legislation

立法必须体现民情和顺应民意,从实际出发,实事求是,积极探索和掌握立法规律,善于运用合理的立法技术。立法民主化要求立法主体具有广泛性,立法程序具有民主性,立法内容体现民主性。立法科学化要求立法必须有科学的立法观、科学的立法制度和科学的立法技术。我国地方立法民主化和科学化的主要障碍表现在:立法程序不完善;人民代表大会立法权虚置现象突出;公众参与立法的有效机制尚未完善;立法中地方保护主义和部门利益本位现象严重。究其原因,主要是:政府存在自利性,对立法产生不当影响;立法过程中信息不对称;社会公众参与立法的热情不高;立法者素质不高。要实现地方立法民主化和科学化,应当积极推进立法专业化,完善立法程序,强化公众参与立法机制,建立法规的评价反馈制度。

legislation should represent the reality of public, seeking truth from facts, and master the legislation rule by rational legislation skill. The democratization of legislation requires the wideness of the main body of legislation, the democratization of legislation process and content. The scientificization of legislation asks for the scientific legislation view, system and skill. The main obstacles of democratization and scientificization of local legislation are ： the incompletion of legislation process;the serious phenomenon of uselessness of legislation right of People＇ s Congress Council;incompletion of inefficient mechanism of public participation in legislation;the serious local and section benefit protectionism in legislation. The main reasons are： the government concerns its own benefit, and brings bad effect on legislation;the information imbalance in the legislation process;the inactiveness of public＇ s participation in legislation ; the low quality of legislator. In order to realize the democratization and scientificization of local legislation, we should push forward professional legislation, complete legislation process, encourage public to participate in legislation mechanism, and establish the evaluation and reflection system of laws.