从“某,某也”看颜师古《汉书注》声训

A study of phonetic exegeses in terms of "mou" and "mou ye" in Yan Shigu's Annotation of Chronicles of Han Dynasty

通过对颜师古《汉书注》"某,某也"这一声训形式的探讨,发现被释词与释词在语音关系上是比较复杂的,同音相训数量较少,音近相训数量最多。语音越近,声训的数量就越多,越可信。从释词与被释词的形体关系上看,形体无关的数量最多,其次是形符相同,再次是声符相同。这说明"因声求义,不限形体"作为训诂的一大法宝,没有时空的限制。颜师古《汉书注》中的声训资料为我们研究上古音、中古音和系联同源词提供了丰富的语料和佐证,对研究唐代训诂学和汉语训诂学史具有十分重要的价值。

On the basis of discussion on phonetic exegesis of 'mou,mou ye' in Yan Shigu's Annotation of Chronicles of Han Dynasty,this paper discovers that there exist complicated relations between the explained and the explaining words with small quantity of phonetic exegeses in identical pronunciation but the largest quantity of phonetic exegeses in similar pronunciation.It shows that the more similar the pronunciation of words is,the more phonetic exegeses there exist and the more reliable they are.In terms of shape relations between the explained and the explaining words,there are the largest quantity of symbols with no relationship between phone and shape,then those in identical shape and finally those in identical phone,which proves the criterion of 'understanding the meaning of one word according to its pronunciation instead of its shape' is not confined to time and space.Yan's book provides abundant language data and proofs for the studies of antediluvian phonetics,medieval phonetics and cognate words and phonetic exegeses,thus being of great value for exegetics of the Tang Dynasty and the history of Chinese exegetics.