严谨完善的理论对同源词系联的重要指导作用——从《同源字典》收词疏误说起

On importance of theoretical guidance in systematizing cognate words——By referring to the careless omissions and mistakes of words collecting in Chinese Cognate Characters Dictionary

音同音近,意义相同相近或相关,又由同一语源滋生出来的一组词为同源词。为同源词而造的一组专门书写符号为同源字。王力先生的《同源字典》由于未强调同源词语源上的亲缘性和字、词不分等理论上的缺陷,故在同源词系联中,把一些通假字、同义词、同音分化字、异体字等亦误为同源词。

There are some theoretical defects in Chinese Cognate Characters Dictionary by Wang Li,such as not having emphasized the etymological affinity of cognate words,and confusing characters and words.So when the dictionary systematized cognate words,it also mistakenly collected some interchangeable uses and borrowed uses characters,homonymic differentiation characters,variant forms of a Chinese character and synonyms as cognate words.This article points out that cognate words must be from one source and different from cognate characters,thus making clear the distinction between cognate characters and words,as well as the boundary between these two phenomena and other categories.