美国新一轮高等教育学制改革的背景分析

Background Analysis of New-round School System Reform of the US Higher Education

美国高等教育学制改革的背景十分复杂,深受教育思想、经济、科技、文化、国际环境等各种因素的影响。高等教育民主论、高等教育轴心论、高等教育普及论、高等教育目的与功能论、新职业主义论等是美国新一轮高等教育学制改革的先导,科技迅速发展、产业结构升级与经济发展、市场需求变化和知识全球化是其改革的直接动因,传统文化是延缓其改革的因素。

The school system reform of the higher education is affected by multiple complicated factors such as educational thoughts, economy, science and technology, culture and international situation. Democracy theory, axis theory, popularization theory, aim and function theory of higher education and the new vocationalism are the guide of the new-round school system reform of the US higher education. Rapid development of science and technology, industry upgrading and economic development, changes of market demands and knowledge globalization are the direct motive of the reform. Traditional culture is the factor that impedes the reform.