东西方批评策略的对比研究和文化解读

A Contrastive Study and Cultural Interpretation for Eastern and Western Tactical Criticizing

在东西方文化中不同阶段不同对象的批评策略不同。对于青壮年,东方文化批评相对间接,"先扬后抑",西方文化批评相对直接,"先抑后扬";对于青少年,西方文化比较讲究策略,表扬为主,东方文化不太讲究策略,批评为主。批评策略的这些特征虽然与东西方文化的特质不同有关系,但是其根本的原因和考量于个体独立性:个体独立性在一定意义上构成了东西方两大文化集团的分水岭,同时也是东西方文化对于不同阶段不同对象施以不同批评策略的文化支撑;青少年和青壮年是人类身心发展的不同时期和群体,东西方文化对于这两个社会阶段看重的分别是集体主义和个体主义的培养和效果。

The present paper explores the tactical criticizings, in Eastern and Western cultures, targeted at different phases and objects： for adults, criticizing in Eastern culture is comparatively indirect, with praising coming before criticizing while that in Western culture turns out somewhat in the opposite direction;for children, Western culture lays strong emphasis on tactics, praising as the first reflection while Eastern culture pays scarce attention to tactics, criticizing as the primary consideration. Though such features are closely related to the natures of Eastern and Western cultures,yet where do the essential cause and the focus of attention lie on earth.9 Herein,I strongly believe, individualism comes to the fore： individualism, in a sense, constitutes not only the divide between Eastern and Western cultures but also the cultural backup of the tactical criticizings in question for different phases and objects. What Eastern and Western cultures actually value most, concerning （ the two different phases of） childhood and adulthood,is respectively the cultivation and the exertion of collectivism and individualism.