略论清代笔记名著《茶余客话》的文献价值

The Documental Value of the Qing Dynasty Diary Masterpiece 《Guests' Remarks in Tea-Drinking》

清代笔记名著《茶余客话》文笔简练,内容十分丰富,涉及政治、经济、文化、法律等学科领域,保存了许多重要的史料,而且新见叠出。《茶余客话》记述了大量的人物故事;还注意辑录戏曲、小说等方面的材料,如《荆钗记》、《水戏》、《元曲》、《水浒传》、《琵琶记》、《金瓶梅》、《西游记》、《长生殿事件》等等,不仅保存了重要的文学史材料,还提出了一些有重要参考价值的学术观点,例如,他以明朝《淮安府志》的记载和《西游记》中大量的淮安方言论断《西游记》的作者是淮安人吴承恩,后来鲁迅、胡适等人受此启发并加以考证,最终断定《西游记》的作者是吴承恩。《茶余客话》内容还包含了许多进步思想,具有很高的文献价值。

The Qing Dynasty diary masterpiece 《Guests＇ Remarks in Tea- Drinking》was concretely written with sufficient contents. The content of it covered wide range of areas of politics, economy, culture and law. It kept record of many important historical materials and proposed many new ideas. 《Guests＇ Remarks in Tea - Drinking》recorded great numbers of stories of people as well as operas and novels like 《The Record of Jingchai》, 《Water Opera》, 《Yuan Dynasty Opera》, 《Outlaws of the Marsh》, 《The Record of Pipa》, 《Plum in the Gold Vase》, 《Journey to the West》, 《Event of the Long Live Palace》, etc. It not only kept important literature history materials but also put up with some academic viewpoints with important referent values. For example, based on 《The Record of Huai＇ An Palace》and a lot of Huai＇ An dialects in 《Journey to the West》, it determined that the author of the 《Journey to the West》was Wu Cheng＇ En born in Huai＇ An. The following experts like Lu Xun and Hu Shi explored it aspirated by this book and finally confirmed that it was Wu Cheng＇ En who wrote《Journey to the West》. 《Guests＇ Remarks in Tea - drinking》also contained a lot of progressive thoughts and it had very high documental values.