基于MATLAB的数控车床进给系统的建模与仿真

Modeling and Simulation of Feed System of Numerical Control Lathe Based on MATLAB

为提高数控车床的加工精度,对数控车床进给系统中影响加工精度的主要因素进行了仿真分析研究.依据机械动力学原理建立了机床进给传动系统的数学模型,利用MATLAB软件中的动态仿真工具Simulink构建了车床进给系统的仿真模型,得到了反映系统性能的仿真曲线.利用仿真模型和仿真曲线分析了间隙、死区等非线性因素对系统加工精度的影响,并给出了提高传动系统性能的有效措施.结果表明:在Simulink中进行动态仿真,方法简便易行;实验数据可靠,并可用仿真曲线验证模型的正确性;可以反复修改参数,很快就能取得最佳设计参数,为机械传动系统的设计、参数的选择以及性能的改进提供了良好的方法和有效的途径.

Main factors of feed system affecting the processing precision of a numerical control lathe were numerically studied. According to principles of mechanical dynamics, a mathematic model for the feed system was established. Furthermore, a simulation model of the system was set up based on Simulink which is a dynamic tool of simulation of MATLAB, and a curve representing the performance of the system was obtained. By using the simulation curve and model, influences of some nonlinear factors including gap and dead area on precision of the lathe were analyzed, and some effective ways to improve the performance of the transmission system were accordingly given. The results show that it is an effective and flexible way to simulate the feed system of a numerical control lathe. By this way, the experimental data are reliable and the validity of the model can be verified by the simulation curve. Besides, optimum design parameters can be determined quickly in the simulation, by which an effective way to design the system, select relevant parameters and improve the performance is provided.