藓袋法监测铜陵市大气重金属污染的研究

Biomonitoring Pollution of Atmospheric Heavy Metal by Moss Bag in Tongling City,Anhui Province

目的:用藓袋法监测铜陵市大气重金属(Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn)污染状况。方法:选取铜陵市的铜陵一冶、铜陵二冶、长江快速通道、凤凰山铜矿区和居民区5个监测点,以采自黄山的大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)为材料,用尼龙筛网(网眼2.0 mm×2.0 mm)做成15.5 cm×5.5 cm的矩形袋子,每袋放3 g,2007年3月22日悬挂于各监测点,完全暴露在空气中,2个月后取回,采用原子吸收光谱法对样品中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn等重金属元素含量进行测定。结果:Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn在5个监测点的含量范围依次为24.43 mg/kg^326.29 mg/kg,0.48mg/kg^4.11 mg/kg,1.72 mg/kg^5.74 mg/kg,21.06 mg/kg^85.88 mg/kg,96.61 mg/kg^219.72 mg/kg;单一重金属污染指数值范围依次是:2.76~36.92,0.55~4.73,1.46~4.87,0.52~2.13,1.40~4.16。结论:利用藓袋法能有效的监测大气重金属污染,铜陵市Cu污染最严重,重金属在各监测点的污染程度是铜陵一冶>铜陵二冶>长江快速通道>凤凰山铜矿区>居民区,有色金属冶炼工业是铜陵市最主要的污染源,交通运输对大气重金属污染也日趋严重。

Objective, To monitor pollution of atmospheric heavy metals by moss bag in Tongling city. Methods： The following five sites in the city were selected as monitoring spots, namely, the First Smelter of Tongling Nonferrous Metal Group （FS）, the Second Smelter of Tongling Nonferrous Metal Group （SS）, the Changjiang High-speed Passageway （CHP） , Fenghuang Hill Copper Mine district （FCM） ,residential area（RA） , respectively. The moss species Hypnurn plumaeforme collected from Huangshan mountain was placed in nylon bag of 15.5 cm × 5.5 cm in size and 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm in meshes, each bag having 3 g moss and then sealed by a nylon wire. Moss bags were suspended in five urban exposure sites and then gathered after two months. The content of heavy metal in the tested moss were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results： In five monitoring sites, the content of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn were 24.43 mg/kg ～ 326.29 mg/kg, 0.48 mg/kg ～ 4.11 mg/kg, 1.72 mg/kg ～ 5.74 mg/kg, 21.06 mg/kg ～ 85.88 mg/kg, 96.61 mg/kg ～ 219.72 mg/kg, respectively, and the range of contamination factor （CF） were 2.76 ～ 36.92, 0.55 ～ 4.73, 1.46 ～ 4.87, 0.52 ～ 2.13, 1.40～4.16 in turn. Conclusions： The present study confirmed mosses as efficient atmospheric heavy metal accumulators and their appropriate use in biomonitoring studies. The pollution of Cu was the most serious. The contamination degrees of Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in five monitoring sites were FS 〉 SS 〉 CHP 〉 FCM 〉 RA. The main pollution sources are non-ferrous metal smelting industries, while vehicular traffic plays secondly a prominent role in Tongling air pollution.